The Aral Sea is a landlocked sea in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Uzbekistan,
in the south. The name roughly translates as "Sea of Islands",
referring to more than 1,000 islands of one hectare or more that dotted
its waters.
Since the 1960s the Aral Sea has been shrinking, as the rivers that
feed it (the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya) were diverted by the then
Soviet Union for irrigation. The Aral Sea is heavily polluted, largely
as the result of weapons testing, industrial projects, and fertilizer
runoff.
See Aral Sea August 1964 and Aral Sea August 1985 also a Meteosat 7 image showing the extent of the dried up seabed. More images are available at this Russian language site.